In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-rhizopus Activity of Methanolic Seed Extract of Camelina Sativa L.

The antifungal efficacy of seed extracts (propanol, ethanol, methanol and sterile deionised water) of Camelina sativa cv. Calena (EC643910) against Rhizopus stolonifer was investigated by agar disc diffusion method. Among all extracts, methanolic seed extract (Disc 3) showed significant activity against R. stolonifer. However, no activity was observed against rest of the extracts (Disc 1, 2 and 4). The inhibition zones were ~35 mm for methanolic extract and ~41 mm for standard drug, respectively. The total phenol content was observed 13.5 μmol, 23.3 μmol, 42.9 μmol and 3.4 μmol gDW-1 in propanolic, ethanolic, methanolic and sterile deionised water extracts of Camelina, respectively. Likewise, the ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity was observed highest in methanolic extract that was ~10.2, ~2.4 and ~5.7-folds higher as compared to propanolic, ethanolic and sterile deionised water extracts, respectively. Similarly, guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activity was also observed highest in methanolic extract as compared to other extracts, which is ~7.3, ~1.9 and ~6.6-folds higher as compared to propanolic, ethanolic and sterile deionised water extracts, respectively. The findings of the study clearly speculate that the possibility of using methanolic seed extract of Camelina as a potential control measure against R. stolonifer, which may be used for the development of future herbal drug formulations

Modelling source- and target-language syntactic Information as conditional context in interactive neural machine translation

In interactive machine translation (MT), human translators correct errors in auto- matic translations in collaboration with the MT systems, which is seen as an effective way to improve the productivity gain in translation. In this study, we model source- language syntactic constituency parse and target-language syntactic descriptions in the form of supertags as conditional con- text for interactive prediction in neural MT (NMT). We found that the supertags significantly improve productivity gain in translation in interactive-predictive NMT (INMT), while syntactic parsing somewhat found to be effective in reducing human efforts in translation. Furthermore, when we model this source- and target-language syntactic information together as the con- ditional context, both types complement each other and our fully syntax-informed INMT model shows statistically significant reduction in human efforts for a French– to–English translation task in a reference- simulated setting, achieving 4.30 points absolute (corresponding to 9.18% relative) improvement in terms of word prediction accuracy (WPA) and 4.84 points absolute (corresponding to 9.01% relative) reduc- tion in terms of word stroke ratio (WSR) over the baseline

Catalysed-microwave based Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass of Camelina Sativa L. for Bio-Fuel Production

Lignocellulosic biomasses are promising alternative resource for bio-fuel production. But due to the recalcitrant nature of lignin and hemicellulose, necessitates an efficient pre-treatment process to improve the yield of reducing sugars and maximising the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. Catalysed-microwave pre-treatment may be a good alternative as compared to other methods since it can reduce the time and improve the enzymatic activity during hydrolysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the catalysed-microwave based pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass of Camelina sativa straw (CSS) to overcome the recalcitrant nature of cellulosic biomass. The microwave-alkaline (2 % NaOH) pre-treatment of CSS at 250 W for 10 min yields maximum (~422 mg/g) total soluble sugars (TSS) production during hydrolysis. Likewise, the maximum glucose content (~294 mg/g) was measured in 2 % alkaline-microwave pre-treatment for 10 min at RT. However, slight increase in lignin degradation was observed with the increase in alkaline hydroxide concentration and microwave irradiation exposure time. The maximum degradation in lignin content (~83 %) was measured in 3 % alkaline-microwave pre-treatment for 20 min at RT. Our results suggest that the microwave-alkaline pre-treatment approach may be employed for comprehensive utilisation of CSS biomass of Camelina sativa L. cv. Calena (EC643910) for bio-fuel production

Compressional behavior of Persian hand knotted wool carpets using response surface methodology

The effects of knot density, pile height, number of ply in pile yarn and pile yarn twist on compressional behavior (compression and compression recovery) of Persian hand knotted wool carpets has been studied. The influence of variables on compression behavior of carpets has been quantitatively analyzed by using response surface methodology based on the Box-Behnken design of experiment. The minimum compression occurs with the combination of minimum values of pile height (10 mm), knot density (5 knots/inch) & number of ply in pile yarn (2 ply), and maximum value of pile yarn twist (4.5 twists/inch). However the maximum compression recovery is attained with the combination of minimum values of pile height (10 mm) & pile yarn twist ( 3.5 twists/inch), and maximum values of knot density (7 knots/inch) & number of ply in pile yarn (4 ply)

A Comparative Field Based Study of Katz and Barthel Indices in North Indian City of Dehradun

Background: Elderly persons are one of the most vulnerable groups of society and have more chances of disease and disabilities (restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being). It reflects how well an individual is able to function in general areas of life. Magnitude of disability has become an important indicator in measuring disease burden along with morbidity and mortality rates. Katz and Barthel Indices have been largely used to assess disability in activities of daily living among elderly people. Aim & objectives: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among persons aged 60 years and above in urban field practice area of SGRRIM&HS, Dehradun, Uttarakhand with the aim of comparing these two indices in community setting. The specific objectives were to find ADL dependence by both the indices, find the factors which significantly affect ADL dependence and to find the degree of agreement which is not by chance between Katz and Barthel Indices. Material methods: An interview schedule was developed and administered to participants in Hindi, by trained investigators. Information on age, marital status, living status education, occupation and economic dependence was recorded. House-to-house visits were conducted in the selected area to collect the data. All elderly persons residing in the selected area were included in the study. Results: Prevalence of ADL dependence was 8.23% as per Katz Index and 28.45% as per Barthel Index, taking a score of less than 20 for BI and less than 6 for KI as criterion for ADL dependence. That there is a moderate degree of agreement between Katz and Barthel Scores which is not by chance was estimated by Kappa Statistic. Conclusion: Katz Index is better suited for ADL estimation in a community setting

Preparation effect of mould systems on microstructure and mechanical properties of spheroidised graphite iron

This study is based on evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties such as tensile strength, Brinell hardness and Charpy impact test of as-cast spheroidal graphite iron using sandwich techniques in different mould systems viz. green sand mould, dry sand mould and CO2 sand mould under varying cooling rates

PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTOR OF POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME

ABSTRACTPolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women. Its clinical manifestation varies from mild to severedisturbance of reproductive and metabolic functions. PCOS is clinical and public health importance because it is affecting up to one in five womenof reproductive age. It is an X-linked dominant condition and has diverse clinical implications such as psychological features (anxiety, depression),reproductive features (hirsutism and hyperandrogenism), and impaired glucose tolerance. It is widely dependent on environmental, genetic, ethnicityfactors including lifestyle and body weight. Weight loss improves the endocrine profile and increases chances of ovulation and pregnancy. It canbe treated with medications such as clomiphene citrate, tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, and gonadotrophins. The last option for fertilization isin vitro fertilization when other treatment fails. Its prevalence is estimated at 4-8% from studies performed in Spain and USA. Lifestyle including diet,exercise, and behavior therapy improves fertility. PCOS has unique interactions with the ever increasing obesity prevalence worldwide as obesityinducedinsulin resistancesignificantlyaggravatesall thefeaturesof PCOS.EducationabouthowPCOSaffectslong-termhealth shouldbe providedtowomenwith this disordertofeelphysicaland psychologicalbenefits so that theycould engagethemselvesmorewith their health careproviders.Keywords: Polycystic ovarian syndrome, Hyperinsulinemia, Hormone disbalance, Hirsutism, Ovarian cyst, Obesity, Sleep disorders